
Family
School & Teen Years

Previously many societies did not recognize adolescence as a phase of life. The first study of Adolescence was done in 1904 by Stanley Hall, who is now credited with "discovering" adolescence. He attributed this new stage to social changes that occurred at the turn of the 20th century when Child labor laws were implemented to keep individuals under the age of 16 out of the work force, and universal education laws kept them in secondary school, prolonging the period of dependence on their parents, which allowed them time to address psychological issues they would have ignored if they took on the role of an adult straight out of childhood.
Latest Articles
Protecting your child against digital dangers
It’s the digital age, and children start using computers, cellphones and other digital devices from a young age.
5 questions on how to choose a school for your child.
by Robin Booth
What might happen if you make the wrong choice of school and your child is unhappy? Read on to find out the 5 questions you need to ask yourself in looking for the right things that make the difference between great schools and ordinary schools.
Teen Yoga
Lia Mundell is a second year Wits English Major student who has just completed the internationally certified 200 hour Yoga Teacher’s Training Certificate at Yoga Warrior Studio in Rosebank, Johannesburg. She is, to date, the youngest successful graduate.
Our Kids should be Making Dreams not Babies
Is it just me, or are our kids being sexed up and being forced to grow up quicker through media, television, peer pressure, marketing ploys?
Circles of Influence and Concern
Whilst at high school both my children have been members of group accident insurance schemes. I think it would be excellent for all the tertiary institutions to offer accident insurance schemes as one cannot join as an individual member.
Beliefs Create Reality
by Lindy Booth
I have had an extraordinarily powerful experience of late. It has evolved around belief and reality… and how your beliefs can create your reality.
Up the activity level
Children are little bundles of energy waiting to be channelled into something constructive (and dying to do something that is guaranteed to get your blood boiling).
The Setting of boundaries
by Robin Booth
“James finds it difficult to keep his room tidy. I keep telling him that his clothes will get ruined and his toys will get lost and I find myself telling him the same thing everyday. In my house, we all need to keep our rooms tidy.”
One of the questions I am most frequently asked is, “How can I effectively discipline my child? How do I put long-lasting boundaries in place?”
Putting a boundary in place is not about how loud you shout or that threatening look in your eyes. Effective boundary setting is best done in a respectful, consistent and understanding way.
Being Set Free
by Robin Booth
I remember when I was a young boy of 6 years, I loved going fishing with my father on an old sea jetty in Swakopmund, Namibia. We walked out on the jetty in the early morning, greeting the other fishermen. On this particular day there were more people than usual but no-one seemed to be catching anything. We set up our rods, baited our hooks and threw our lines into the water which was about 4 metres below us.
Pretty soon there was a big tug on my line and I started reeling it in. There was something on the other end and it was moving. Everything went smoothly until I started lifting it out of the water to pull it up those 4 metres to where we were standing. I could not see the end of my line as the wooden jetty was in the way. My rod had a massive u-bend in it and I was straining to reel the fish in further.
“Dad, help me! I’ve got a big one and I can’t get it up!”
Considerations for parents before enrolling your kids in martial arts school
When a parent is considering enrolling their child or children into a martial arts school, they have to consider both their motivation and the motivations of their child. In order for a child to learn to love and stick with martial arts training over a long period of time, they have to share common goals with their parents, and most of all, the parents and child all have to enjoy it. If a parent's goals aren't being met, then they may feel they aren't getting their money's worth. If a child's goals are not being met, then they will feel like they are being forced to train, and will never give 100%. The following are some of the most common reasons given for joining a children's martial arts class. Consider why you want your child to train, and have a talk with your child about whether they really are interested in classes, and what they hope to learn or do in class.
Ants in your pants?
What do you do, with a child that could light up your entire block with the energy they have?
Dynamic Tension!!!!
What?
Dynamic Tension!!!
I heard you the first time. What does this mean? What is dynamic tension?
Clever Little Monkey
Clever Little Monkey was born in 2005 as an on-line shop designing and manufacturing interesting children’s products and making them available directly to the public.
Prosti-tots
In April this year, the British supermarket giant Tesco was criticised for selling padded plunge-bras to girls as young as seven. This is not the first time Tesco has been berated for sourcing, marketing and retailing what is deemed as undesirable clothing and accessories to children. In 2006, the retail chain was forced to remove a children's pole-dancing kit.
A spokesperson for the British National Union of Teachers said, "There is already too much pressure on children to appear grown-up, and [selling] inappropriate, sexually provocative clothing is irresponsible." A spokesperson for Tesco said that the bra was designed to "not to flatter, but to protect and cover a girls' modesty at the sensitive time when they are developing." Disturbingly, the spokesperson said the bra was developed after "speaking to parents."[1]
Body Image for teens
Image, image, image… how do people see me? What do they think of me? Does size really matter? The real deal here is that being sexy comes from the inside, big or small, nice or awkward, it doesn’t matter..
The Top 10 Things You Never Want To Hear Your Teenager Say
For those of you that have teenagers or even kids for that matter, all of them ask uncomfortable questions or just even say the darndest things (remember the television programme?)
Love Them Enough to Talk about Sex
Young people who communicate openly with their parents about difficult issues like sex, HIV/Aids, abuse, drugs and crime, are far less likely to engage in risky behavior.
Kids and Exercise
The physical and mental benefits of commencing an exercise program at a young age is an important habit that should be present in every person.
I Think My Child Is Being Bullied!
by Dr Phil
As parents, one of the worst things we can discover is that our children are being bullied. But it's important to know that we can do something about it! What can you -- as a parent -- do if you think you're child is being bullied, and what should you tell your child?
How to Raise Your Daughter's Self-Esteem
by Dr Phil
If you have a negative body image, you may be damaging your daughter's self-worth. Dr. Phil has the following advice for raising the self-esteem of pre-teens and teens who say they hate the way they look.
Head Lice Facts & Myths
There is no need to react with shock and horror at the mere mention of the word lice! At some stage or another, most children we know would have had, or currently have lice. There should be no shame or embarrassment associated with this and we must teach our children that it is a very common occurrence, especially in places where there are large numbers of people; like in schools.
In the sections that follow, we dispel some of the myths surrounding the pesky little critters and give you a few useful dos and don’ts of treating and preventing head lice.
Drugs and their Effects on our Teens
This article lays out the facts of what drugs are available and what their effects and dangers are. We also give suggestions on where you can go to get more information and help.
Karate Kids
Jackie Chan, Bruce Lee, Chuck Norris and Stephen Segal all do it. The "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" did it, too. And don't forget that you can see it every weekday on the "Power Ranger" episodes as well. Demonstrations of martial arts in movies and on television add an element of excitement and action. This action is often imitated by young children on playgrounds, schoolyards or at home with siblings. If a child shows an interest in "the moves," should a parent consider enrolling them in a martial arts program? What benefits would martial arts training provide? Is it worth it?
Acceptance
What do you think would be the greatest gift a parent could give their child? I’m sure most of us would say “love” which is vitally important to any parent child relationship. But there is another thing which is vital to children and that is “acceptance”. That is where peer pressure comes in especially with regard to teenagers who want to be accepted by their group. They are wondering “am I worth loving?”, “am I acceptable?” and “do I have worth?” Our children grow up in a world that continually judges them and they need to know and believe that their parents love them and accept them unconditionally.
Inspired by possibilities
Whether in art, music, drama, fashion, design or architecture...you name it, we often stop to admire the creativity and achievements of others. We in fact willingly pay to enjoy someone else’s creation and in doing so contribute to their success.
The truth is that instead of copying and imitating others, many of us should be the creators. I believe that because we are created in the image of God, we are born with a Spirit of creativity and each one should be offering the world something unique. Creativity can be used for good or evil and the way we channel our children’s energy will influence the way their creativity is expressed.
Due to our hectic, modern lifestyles, we as parents often keep our children busy with activities that don’t necessarily benefit them. Sometimes we want our children to do the things that we enjoy and are confident with rather than to expose them to other experiences and possibilities.
50 Development Activities for Kids
With the 5 week holiday approaching during the World Cup, parents are probably wondering how on earth they’re going to keep their kids occupied
Montessori and Discipline
& disobedience.
Responsibility at the expense of freedom produces repressive authority.
Today, discipline is something that even the leaders of countries and nations seem to be lacking. Everyone feels they have the rights to do exactly what they want to do without the responsibility that naturally go with those choices.
Parents try to shield their children from the consequences of their actions, blaming the ‘other child’; the schools or their friends.
The word discipline can invoke all sorts of negative connotations: being sent to the Principal’s office; waiting for Dad to come home; being made to stay in at break.
Discipline is often misunderstood. Many believe that it is the same as punishment – far from it. The word discipline comes from the word Greek root word meaning: to trim; to mould; to train (originally used when referring to the training of grape vines). That is the focus of Montessori discipline, to trim off human bad habits; to mould a child into an acceptable social being and to train them in becoming an independent member of society.
Sensory Savvy Holidays
Sensory intelligence is based on the sensory integration and neuroscience theories and driven by a dedicated group of occupational therapists who want to see this tool being used more extensively to improve the health and wellness of our children.
Sensory integration uses the methods by which the brain processes the environment through the senses for learning, development, focus, attention and behaviour to facilitate new skills, often within a formal one-to-one therapy model for children. It is widely used by occupational therapists across the world and adds amazing results and growth for children of all ages. Neuroscience is the supportive theory of sensory integration in how the brain is wired to make this amazing process happen.
At Sensory Intelligence we use this powerful methodology to teach parents, teachers and educators how to use these principles to get children to listen, learn, attend and behave. After 15 years working with children in a one-to one therapy situation, our focus now is to teach, empower, support and educate parents on becoming more sensory intelligent parents!
Parenting is tough today and we need to be as informed and empowered as much as possible to assist our children during the 21st century. We have to outsmart our kids and use all the new technology, development and information to continue the parenting quest.
The nourishing of self esteem
I was standing in front of fifty teachers at a traditional school that my grandfather had gone to. In fact, so had my uncles, my cousins and my brother. The teachers were all looking at me expectantly as I recalled the words their School Principal had said to me the day before in preparation for this workshop, “I promised my teachers they were in for real treat with you. It’s going to be great tomorrow!”
Well that tomorrow was now today and I did not feel those words particularly supported me in achieving the goal that he was wanting his team to arrive at. In fact, it seemed to place a lot of stress on me to achieve and perform to his expectations. Somewhere deep inside I knew that his intention was to convey his praise and acknowledgement that my skills might bring to this workshop. But it was not what he was saying that was important, but what I was understanding while he was saying it.
Climate change through the eyes of our children
On 22-23 October, UNEP FI held its first ever Global Roundtable in Africa in Cape Town. Along with initiatives by, amongst others, the Green Building Council of SA and the Cape Town Partnership, this was part of Cape Town Green Week - read more on Cape Town Green Week.
Six weeks later all eyes will be on Copenhagen and the UN Climate Change Conference, where important people will make crucial commitments on climate change and carbon emissions.
But the most important people will not be there: The children. For our leaders to be truly accountable, the generation with the most to lose must be given a voice. Starting here, our children can remind our leaders just why they need to consider us.
The I CAN rather than IQ approach!
I am truly blessed to be a teacher. Its what I love to do! Today my classroom has evolved into something much broader but a teacher I am and a teacher I will always be! The ironic part of all my teacher training, I have a BA and diplomas in Specialised Education, Foundation Phase, Montessori Pre Primary Education, is that in all the time, I never once had the opportunity to explore or receive any training for my own personal development.
Interesting, considering what I know now as a trained Demartini Method facilitator and a qualified Life Coach.
Preparing for school exams
Ever wondered what style of learner your child is?
The owl/Auditory learner Like an owl preying in total darkness, an auditory learner can pick up sounds in the environment others may not even be aware of.She learns information best by hearing it and processes it by repeating it aloud. She: • never stops talking and is a good storyteller; • knows all the words to songs; • usually has poor handwriting; and • prefers videos to books.
What you can do • Speed up the learning process by recording lessons on tape or CD, and let your child listen to it while they follow in a book. • To reinforce what your child is learning; encourage them to read aloud while studying. • Encourage your child to use a finger or a pointer to avoid skipping words. • Use rhymes when learning new facts. For example, if your child has to learn the dates that Columbus sailed to America, try the rhyme "In fourteen hundred and ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue."
Promises
In my work as a Life Coach and as a principal of a school that works towards the empowerment of children and people, I am often asked for the one golden rule which could support powerful change and transformation in the lives of children and adults.
And my answer is simply in four words: “Make and keep promises.” And the truth be told, it is not only my answer, but the answer of many people across cultures, religious beliefs and modern business leaders. But let me state that this does not mean it is the only golden rule. But it can be a very powerful tool in accelerating human transformation.
So lets look a bit closer at these four words: A “promise” is a commitment we are making to ourselves or to someone. It implies we are fully responsible and accountable for fulfilling on the action. It is a giving of a guarantee. “To make” something, implies an act of creating, or of bringing imagination into play. “To keep” implies a consistency that leads to trust, reliability and self discipline. And when you bring the two together, “make AND keep” promises, you are brining forth a process of change that is powerful and supportive.
theschoolshop.co.za
What do you get when you combine two working moms with a passion for their children, great ideas, bustling energy, business acumen and a heart for the community? theschoolshop.co.za website, of course!
theschoolshop.co.za is the brainchild of friends, moms and business women Janneke van Ysendyk and Nicky Panton, both from Cape Town. This website targets parents and school children throughout South Africa, offering a free online listing service for the selling, buying and exchange of all items related to school activities. It has an added community component, facilitating the donation of unused school equipment to underprivileged children. The website, which not only helps parents save money and time sourcing school equipment, but also to recycle unwanted items, will become commercially viable through offering advertising opportunities to businesses targeting parents and school children.
Helping your teen make career choices
Are you serious about your child’s future and just how active a role do you play in the career planning process for your child?
Most children and even teens have the weirdest ideas about the careers they would like to pursue. Their preferences are usually influenced by “what’s hot and not” through media hype and the latest fads rather than a realistic evaluation of the career and how it may suit them. In addition, there is not enough information out there to fully guide your child to explore a career that will maximise on their personal attributes and talents. Instead, our children tend to listen to their friends and peers, or even take a look at your career. All of these combined factors are why you find that many adults change their course in mid career thereby missing a lot of early opportunities.
Unfortunately in the case of most people career planning has to be done at an early age when they are not ready to decide for themselves independently. They may not have the necessary data and wisdom to make a wise career choice. Other than highly talented people the nature of career people pursue ultimately is decided by the college or vocational training they join. To prevent children from making wrong career choices parents must play an active role in their career planning.
The risk of labelling children as
I think it's really important to begin with that we as Human Beings do create categories and labels as part of the functioning of our brain. This allows us to process much information. Judging, evaluating, and categorising are some of the ways in which we process information around us. So what is really important for us is not the concept of ‘not labelling’ . but being aware of the risks of labelling and the possible pitfalls of it. In other words, it's not important that we judge but what actions we take on the basis of our judgement.
The challenge of taking away the concept of ‘labelling’ means that people no longer have any way in which to sort and categorise information. Then they pretend that they're not labelling (because it seems as if people believe ‘labelling’ is wrong) when in fact we do. So, perhaps more important than telling parents not to label is to support them in what actions they take in spite of the labelling.
Should we open up Schools for parents?
By Robin Booth and Tahirih Cook, Synergy Schooling
They were all nodding their heads in agreement. Three hundred and fifty teachers, principals and educators at the International Education Conference on Integrated Human Values, India, were thinking along similar lines. They were responding to a joke I had made, “It’s the parents who influence the children most. They are the ones who need supportive education. We should therefore close the school to the children and open it up for the parents instead.” Suddenly my joke no longer seemed so funny as I gazed out over this undulating sea of consensus. Suddenly my joke became a serious proposition. If parents have such a powerful impact on their children's lives then surely they too need to be part of the schooling process. So should we be focusing on opening schools for parents instead of just trying to constantly alter the structure of a school, the curriculum we provide to the children or the demands placed upon educators?
At present I don't know of any other school which has a program for parents that is more than just an add on. Many educationalist and schools acknowledge this need and have provided parents with workshops, information evenings and support in varying degrees. But these have often been optional and sporadic. Public Parent-Centres have also been developed to support parents in becoming effective parents. Public schools often use their PTA meetings as an opportunity to impart information about effective parenting to those who attend. Generally speaking, these programs and workshops are voluntary and do not facilitate self-discovery and personal transformation. I have noticed in my own work that children tend to reflect their parent's emotional and behavioural patterns. For this reason. I feel that the education of parents needs to go hand in hand with the education of children. A sprinkling of voluntary workshops designed to impart information rather that facilitate self-discovery is inadequate.
The three hundred and fifty heads all nodding in agreement to opening up schools for parents, points to a sense of agreement that if we support parents in their development and relationship to their children, we will see the positive changes in their children naturally and automatically. It's often not the children who need to change, but first the parents and as a consequence the children's views and behaviour patterns shift. Parenting is about taking charge of the development of their child, but who is there to support the parent in exploring this commitment and responsibility? Who is to say that schools should only focus on the education of children?
So perhaps this leads to an awareness that the educational context could be broader than just 'child-centred' or 'parent-centred'. The next step may be to see the parents-teachers-children relationship as a triadic approach with neither one being seen as more important than the other. By doing this more emphasis is placed on the relationships between these participants opposed to on a specific individual and it seems that schools are the perfect place to support this process.
Equal Zeal
EQual Zeal® helps young people to overcome the obstacles that prevent them from achieving their true potential. Ultimately, Equal Zeal® inspires growth & motivates living!
Alternatives to saying No!
Saying “No!” to our children can bring up guilt for us or result in our children being angry with us. It doesn’t have to be that way.
‘No! No! No! And for the last time No!’ The words were out of my mouth before I realised. I wished I could have retracted them before they had reached my child’s ears. I could see by his angry face that these words had not only been heard but that they had also struck a deep saddened chord within.
In bed that night I lay thinking about all the different phrases that children keep repeating to their parents after hearing the fun-breaking word ‘No!’: ‘You never let us have any fun’;’ you get to do what you want, but we can't do what we want. This is so unfair’ or maybe even the personal attack, ‘you don't care about me anymore’ or ‘you’re the worst mom in the world.’
Boost your childs learning potential
Introduction to stress
In order to boost your child’s learning potential, you first have to understand the dynamics of stress, how it manifests in your child’s life and where it comes from. Then you can look at tools and strategies to de-stress and maintain optimal learning.
The stress response: At the very beginning… man would have been walking through the plains of Africa, when out of the bushes - a lion jumped: STRESS! So he would either have grabbed a bat and bludgeoned the animal, or put foot and run! -The fight or flight response.
Anna Emm Productions
Anna Emm Productions is a multimedia production company based in Cape Town. We have been running for four years, producing theatre productions, children’s theatre, children’s CDs, 3D animation episodes, radio short stories and a series of therapeutic stories for children.
Our vision is to create stories in any form and for audiences of all shapes and sizes, in order to motivate, inspire, uplift and nourish people, and make them excited about their lives and their purposes.
Besides the skills of a very talented group of people at our full disposal, what separates us from other companies is our ability to create original stories because of the valuable skill script-writer Anna Emm brings to the table. There are many companies who reproduce without originality or relevance to the world we live in today, and others who create productions with weak storylines that take away from the quality of their work and cause it to be less effective. We build our productions around very strong storylines and excellent writing. The creativity, originality and standard of our scripts, is the secret behind our popularity with audiences and the success of our products.
Value of money
Aaah: the teenage years. Where brands are crucial in maintaining healthy self esteem levels and keeping up with the fashionable “with-it” pack is like running an endurance marathon.
The 100 Best Childrens Books of All Time
When it comes to great children’s literature, kids have hundreds of books to choose from – everything from the enduring classics to award-winning, modern-day picture books and novels.
Play therapy - let's get physical
Remember the days before PlayStations & PC’s? The days when kids played good old-fashioned games? It seems our children are the products of the technological age that gives them early access to videos, TV and to computers as soon as they can handle a mouse!
They spend a great deal of time entertaining themselves electronically and while computers have their place, parents need to recognise the importance of making time for supervised outdoor activity. Too much visual stimulation has a detrimental affect on the bodies of healthy, active children, sitting motionless in front of a TV or PC screen.
Youth month and beyond
Addressing tens of thousands of people gathered to pay homage to the heroes and heroines of June 16, 1976 at last years’ 30th anniversary of Youth Day President Thabo Mbeki said, “We remember the youth of 1976 because they have left us a lesson that it is possible for young people to stand up and confront the challenges facing them. We remember them because they have left a legacy of bravery and determination in the face of what appeared to be insurmountable difficulties.”
Code Teen
by Code Teen
Teenage Girls and the youth in general throughout the world from all social backgrounds and ethnicity’s face enormous pressures as they graduate from dependence to independence.
Code Teen
Conception Teenage Girls and the youth in general throughout the world from all social backgrounds and ethnicity’s face enormous pressures as they graduate from dependence to independence.
The huge menu of life provides complex challenges, hurdles, and temptations, but sadly few young women are equipped adequately to deal with the overwhelming demands and pressures which our world dictates as well as live up to the more daunting unwritten rules set out by their “own" teenage “Girl" world.
Sexual Abuse and the Pre-Schooler: What to be aware of.
It is important for parents and caregivers to be aware of some of the issues surrounding child abuse in the young pre-school child. Although many young children are taught by the caregivers not to let anyone touch their private parts, we know that children are too small to make it stop in reality, and they do not always understand that they need to tell if someone does this to them.
We must remember that many perpetrators of sexual abuse have relationships with the children and may do special things with the child to make them feel loved. Further, the abuse may not be frightening and painful, and may in fact have pleasurable aspects, and the children are then confused and do not tell.
So what are some of the things to look out for? In this age group, the most common symtoms of sexual abuse are nightmares and sexually acting out behaviour which may include other children.
The Montessori Teacher: What should I see in an authentic Montessori School Part 2
In my last article I talked about what a parent should be able to see in an authentic Montessori school. In this issue I would like to address the matter of teachers.
In Montessori schools, the person traditionally, referred to as the teacher is called the directress or generically, the Montessori adult. This is because in human psychology and child development it is recognised that no one person can teach another – one can only direct! Unfortunately children do not come complete with a tap and funnel into which knowledge can be poured. They need to experience the world first-hand.
The Montessori directress is the dynamic link between the child (who has been observed carefully) and the next piece of material or exercise that the child has shown he or she is ready to use.
Touching 6 years of being human
I last-touch the tiny giggle of the hand that carelessly lets go a moment of a horizon-less lifetime
Reading with your kids
Reading with your child is a wonderful pastime with so many benefits. Not only does this special ‘together time’ strengthen the bond between you and your child, there are other positive results.
You’ll see the growth of your child’s vocabulary, awareness of the world, social behavior skills, listening skills, confidence, and many other developmental aspects.
However, in a busy day filled with work, chores, ferrying to and from school, where does the frazzled parent find time to capture those few precious moments called ‘free time?’ Here are a few ideas on how to incorporate reading together for the family with not much time to spare.
Reading doesn’t always have to involve books. Our world is full of text. Use it! A busy parent can create a fun game in the car where the child reads road signs, billboards, helps with a road map, or spots registration number plates and creates words with the letters.
Shopping? The supermarket is a great place for looking for labels, reading labels, helping with the shopping list, and checking the listed ingredients on a tin or packet.
Learning to Live and Love through a Balanced Relationship
Leading authority on human behaviour and author of the book – The Heart of Love, Dr John Demartini explains how to stabilise your relationship and maintain balanced love. UNREALISTIC FANTASIES The biggest causes of relationship breakdowns are from idealisms and romantic fantasies. We tend to search for the perfect relationship, but as long as we set unrealistic ideals and project them onto our partners, we will live in quiet desperation, feel resentment, emotional swings and be constantly disappointed when they don’t live up to our unrealistic expectations. These ideals often come from Hollywood movies and bedtime stories that end in “happily ever after.” You imagine everyone around you is experiencing the fairytale, but you. Women tend to fantasize about the knight in shining armor or Brad Pitt. When they end up with a regular guy with a beer belly, they sub-consciously punish him for it because he doesn’t match their fantasy. Men have their fantasies too. She needs to look like the centre spread of Playboy. However, going after this dream will cost him love if he stays and money if he goes.
What should I see in an authentic Montessori school
Some people believe that ‘Montessori’ is a fancy name for pre-school and others believe that by using it they can ask much higher fees!
Authentic Montessori Schools abound and they cannot be identified either by their size or the amount they charge in fees. Just because a school is large or expensive is no guarantee of its effectiveness. Neither can they be identified by the amount of material they may possess or the quality of the art work on the walls!
There are three major factors to consider when assessing the authenticity of a Montessori School and any parent who may be interested in sending their child to one should carefully judge these for themselves.
1. The apparent happiness/peacefulness of the enrolled children. 2. The qualifications of the staff employed, including the owner. 3. The state of the environment (inside and outside, including the garden).
















